Letter 4009: Gregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari). Pastoral zeal ought indeed in itself to have sufficiently instigated you, even without our aid, to protect profitably and providently the flock of which you have taken charge, and to preserve it with diligent circumspection from the cunning devices of enemies. But, since we have found that your...
Pope Gregory the Great→Januarius|c. 593 AD|Pope Gregory the Great|Human translated
Church council; Travel & mobility; Slavery or captivity
Gregory to Januarius, Bishop of Cagliari.
Pastoral responsibility should, on its own, have sufficiently driven you — even without a word from us — to protect wisely and watchfully the flock entrusted to your care, guarding it with diligent attention against the cunning devices of enemies. But since we find that your resolve needs strengthening through the written authority of our office, we must, in brotherly love, bolster your faltering commitment to the serious work of religious leadership.
It has come to our attention that you have been lax in your oversight of the convents of consecrated women in Sardinia. Your predecessors had prudently arranged for approved clergymen to handle the nuns' practical needs. This arrangement has been so completely neglected that women specially dedicated to God are now forced to appear in person before government officials regarding taxes and other obligations. They are compelled to travel from village to village and farm to farm to settle their assessments, involving themselves in business that belongs to men — entirely contrary to their calling.
Your Fraternity must correct this abuse promptly. Appoint one man of proven life and character, of an age and position that gives rise to no suspicion, who may — with the fear of God — attend to the needs of these monasteries. The nuns are no longer to be permitted, on any pretext, public or private, to wander beyond the walls of their convents against their rule. Whatever must be done on their behalf should be transacted by the man you appoint.
Let the nuns themselves devote themselves to praising God and confining themselves to their monasteries, so that they no longer give rise to any evil suspicion among the faithful. If any of them should be found to have strayed from proper conduct, she must be corrected with the full severity that the situation demands.
Book IV, Letter 9
To Januarius, Bishop.
Gregory to Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari).
Pastoral zeal ought indeed in itself to have sufficiently instigated you, even without our aid, to protect profitably and providently the flock of which you have taken charge, and to preserve it with diligent circumspection from the cunning devices of enemies. But, since we have found that your Charity needs also the written word of our authority for the augmentation of your firmness, it is necessary for us, by the exhortation of brotherly love, to strengthen your faltering disposition towards the earnestness of religious activity.
Now it has come to our knowledge that you are remiss in your guardianship of the monasteries of the handmaidens of God situated in Sardinia; and, though it had been prudently arranged by your predecessors that certain approved men of the clergy should have the charge of attending to their needs, this has now been so entirely neglected that women specially dedicated to God are compelled to go in person among public functionaries about tributes and other liabilities, and are under the necessity of running to and fro through villages and farms for making up their taxes, and of mixing themselves unsuitably in business which belongs to men. This evil let your Fraternity remove by an easy correction; that is, by carefully deputing one man of approved life and manners, and of such age and position as to give rise to no evil suspicion of him, who may, with the fear of God, so assist the inmates of these monasteries that they may no longer be allowed to wander, against rule, for any cause whatever, private or public, beyond their venerable precincts; but that whatever has to be done in their behalf may be transacted reasonably by him whom you shall depute. But let the nuns themselves, rendering praises to God and confining themselves to their monasteries, no longer suggest any evil suspicion to the minds of the faithful. But if any one of them, either through former license, or through an evil custom of impunity, has been seduced, or should in future be led, into the gulph of adulterous lapse, we will that, after enduring the severity of adequate punishment, she be consigned for penance to some other stricter monastery of virgins, that she may there give herself to prayers and fastings, and profit herself by penitence, and afford an example of the more rigorous kind of discipline, such as may inspire fear in others. Further, let any one who may be detected in any iniquity with women of this class be deprived of communion, if he be a layman; but, if he be a cleric, let him also be removed from his office, and thrust into a monastery for his ever to be deplored excesses.
We also desire you to hold councils of bishops twice in the year, as is said to have been the custom of your province, as well as being ordered by the authority of the sacred canons; that, if any among them be of moral character inconsistent with his profession, he may be convicted by the friendly rebuke of his brethren, and also that measures may be taken with paternal circumspection for the security of the flock committed to him, and for the well-being of souls. It has come to our knowledge also that male and female slaves of Jews, who have fled for refuge to the Church on account of their faith, are either restored to their unbelieving masters, or paid for according to their value in lieu of being restored. We exhort therefore that thou by no means allow so bad a custom to continue; but that whosoever being a slave to Jews, shall have fled for refuge to venerable places, thou allow him not in any degree to sustain prejudice. But, whether he had been a Christian before, or been baptized now, let him be supported in his claim for freedom, without any loss to the poor, by the patronage of ecclesiastical compassion.
Let not bishops presume to sign baptized infants a second time on the forehead with chrism; but let the presbyters anoint those who are to be baptized on the breast, that the bishops may afterwards anoint them on the forehead.
With regard also to founding monasteries, which various persons have ordered to be built, if you perceive that any persons to whom the charge has been assigned put it off on unjust pretexts, we desire you to insist sagaciously according to what the laws enjoin, lest (as God forbid should be the case) the pious retentions of the departed should be frustrated through your neglect. Further, as to the monastery which Peter is said to have formerly ordered to be constructed in his house, we have seen fit that your Fraternity should make accurate enquiry into the amount of the revenues there. And in case of there being a suitable provision, when all diminutions of the property and what is said to have been dispersed have been recovered, let the monastery with all diligence and without any delay be founded. But, if the means are insufficient or detrimental , we desire you, after closely investigating everything as has been commanded, to send a report to us, that we may know how to deliberate with the Lord's help with regard to its construction. Let, then, your Fraternity give wise attention to all the points above referred to, so as neither to be found to have transgressed the tenour of our admonitions nor to stand liable to divine judgment for too little zeal in your pastoral office.
Pastoral responsibility should, on its own, have sufficiently driven you — even without a word from us — to protect wisely and watchfully the flock entrusted to your care, guarding it with diligent attention against the cunning devices of enemies. But since we find that your resolve needs strengthening through the written authority of our office, we must, in brotherly love, bolster your faltering commitment to the serious work of religious leadership.
It has come to our attention that you have been lax in your oversight of the convents of consecrated women in Sardinia. Your predecessors had prudently arranged for approved clergymen to handle the nuns' practical needs. This arrangement has been so completely neglected that women specially dedicated to God are now forced to appear in person before government officials regarding taxes and other obligations. They are compelled to travel from village to village and farm to farm to settle their assessments, involving themselves in business that belongs to men — entirely contrary to their calling.
Your Fraternity must correct this abuse promptly. Appoint one man of proven life and character, of an age and position that gives rise to no suspicion, who may — with the fear of God — attend to the needs of these monasteries. The nuns are no longer to be permitted, on any pretext, public or private, to wander beyond the walls of their convents against their rule. Whatever must be done on their behalf should be transacted by the man you appoint.
Let the nuns themselves devote themselves to praising God and confining themselves to their monasteries, so that they no longer give rise to any evil suspicion among the faithful. If any of them should be found to have strayed from proper conduct, she must be corrected with the full severity that the situation demands.
Human translation - New Advent (NPNF / ANF series)
Latin / Greek Original
Gregorius Januario episcopo Caralitano. Satis quidem te ipse pastoralis zelus instigare de-
buerat ut gregem quem susceperas etiam sine nos1lro (?
Solatio salubriter ac provide luereris, et a callidis inimicorum surreptionibus eum diligenti GGS cir- cumspectione servares. Sed quia charitatem tuam pro suz firmilatis augmento nostre quoque pagina auctorilatis indigere comperimus, necessarium no- his ſuit titubamies animos tuos ad rcligiosi vigoris studium (i aternz dilectionis exhortatione firmare.: Pervenit siquidem ad nos minus te monasteriis ancillarum Dei in Sardinia sitrs tuitionis jmpendere; et cum dispositum a luis prudenter fuisset deces- sOribus ut quidam de clero probati viri curam ge-
Episr. IX. — * Fiscalia ssant tributa. 1d apparet ex leg. 5 de episc. et cleric., lt. 5, lib. 1, Cedieis : De his clericis qui predia possident, sublimis auctori- las tuna non s0lum eos aliena juga nequaquam viatuet excuxare, sed etiam pro his p1@diis qui ad ipsis possi- dentur eoxdem ad pen>itanda fiscalia perurgere. Uni- vers0s namgque cler.cos, elec. Subire per publ.cas per- s0448, interpretarer subiunde ire per domos publica- rum pergenaruem, illis se submiitere, prensare, apud jllos >a procurare negvlia. Publicas autem pers01as diciuus magis(ratus, ofliciales, tabellarivs, forte eliam publicanos, quandoquidem de liscali|bus agitur, GuoSawv.